The Class 8 is an important year in a student’s life and Maharashtra State Board Social Science Grography is one of the subjects that require dedication, hard work, and practice. It’s a subject where you can score well if you are well-versed with the concepts, remember the important formulas and solving methods, and have done an ample amount of practice. Worry not! Home Revise is here to make your Class 8 journey even easier. It’s essential for students to have the right study material and notes to prepare for their board examinations, and through Home Revise, you can cover all the fundamental topics in the subject and the complete Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Social Science Grography Book syllabus.
Q 1. Complete the sentence by selecting the correct option:
(a) The earth requires 24 hours for one rotation. In one hour,
(i) 5 longitudes will face the sun
(ii) 10 longitudes will face the sun
(iii) 15 longitudes will face the sun
(iv) 20 longitudes will face the sun
(b) To calculate the difference between the local times of any two places on the earth,
(i) the noon time at both the places should be known
(ii) the difference in degrees of their longitudes should be known
(iii) the difference in standard times of both the places should be known
(iv) Changes need to be made according to International Date Line
(c) The difference between the local time of any two consecutive longitudes is
(i) 15 minutes
(ii) 04 minutes
(iii) 30 minutes
(iv) 60 minutes
Answer a: (iii) 15 longitudes will face the sun
Answer b: (ii) the difference in degrees of their longitudes should be known.
Answer c: (ii) 04 minutes.
Q 2. Give geographical reasons:
(a) The local time is decided by noon time.
(b) The local time at Greenwich is considered to be the international standard time.
(c) The standard time of India has been decided by the local time at 82.5° E longitude.
(d) Canada has 6 different standard times.
Answer a: As soon as the sun starts moving up in the sky after sunrise, the length of our shadow reduces. Normally, the length of the shadow is shortest at noon. As the sun moves towards the horizon in the afternoon, the length of our shadow increases again by evening. The noon time is the same at any given longitude across the earth, i.e. from the North Pole to the South Pole. The time of a place as decided by the location of the sun in the sky, is known as its local time.
Answer b: For an international coordination between countries, the local time at Greenwich (Greenwich Mean Time) in England is considered to be the international standard time. The difference in standard times of various countries is calculated with reference to GMT. The Indian Standard Time is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. If it is 5 p.m. at Greenwich then in India it would be 10.30 p.m.
Answer c: The Indian Standard Time (IST) has been decided according to the 82° 30 ′E longitude, which passes through Mirzapur (near Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh). This longitude passes through the middle of the country with reference to its longitudinal extent. The local time at this longitude has been selected as the standard time of the whole country. When the sun is directly overhead on this longitude, then it is assumed that it is 12 noon everywhere in India. There is no difference of more than one hour between the local time at 82° 30 ′E and other places in the country.
Answer d: The size of the country is so big that it spans 90 degrees of longitude. Hence, there are six different time zones in Canada. They are referred to as Eastern Daylight Time. They are
Q 3. Answer in brief:
(a) If it is 12 noon at 60°E longitude, then explain what would be the time at 30° W longitude?
(b) How is the standard time of a place determined?
c) A football match being played in São Paulo, Brazil started in India at 6 am IST. Explain what would be the local time in São Paulo?
Answer a: The local time of any longitudinal point on the earth is calculated by comparing with the local time of the Greenwich city (0°). Every 1° of east/west longitudinal distance from Greenwich city is equal to 4 minutes (before/after) of time difference accordingly. This theory is known as the GMT theory. According to this theory –If 60° E local time is 12.p.m then the local time of Greenwich will be 4p.m. At that moment the local time in 30°W will be 1p. m
Answer b: The local time at the longitude, which generally passes through the middle of the country is deemed to be the standard time in that country. This standard time is used all over the country. With respect to businesses at global level, there should be compatibility between the standard times of various countries. To facilitate this, the world has been divided into 24 time zones. These time zones have been created with reference to the Prime Meridian itself.
Answer c: When a football match starts in São Paulo, Brazil, and it is 6 am as per Indian Standard Time in India then it will be 9.30 pm, the previous day in São Paulo, Brazil. The reason for this time difference is that India is 8 hours 30 minutes ahead of São Paulo.
Q4. If it is 10 pm on 21st June at Prime Meridian, write the dates and time at A, B and C in the table.
| A | 1200 E | ||
| B | 1600 W | ||
| C | 600 E |
Answer:
| Place | Longitude | Date | Time |
| A | 1200 E | 22 June | 6.00 AM |
| B | 1600 W | 21 June | 11.20 AM |
| C | 600 E | 22 June | 2.00 AM |
Q 5. Write the situations of place A shown in these diagrams in the boxes below them:
(i) Sunrise (ii) midnight (iii) noon (iv) Sunset
Answer i: Midnight
Answer ii: Sunset
Answer iii: Sunrise
Answer iv: Noon